This is the first in a series of articles in which I will try to explain much of what I know about Time Machine (TM), starting from its basic principles, how it is implemented in macOS from Sierra (and earlier) to Catalina, and how to troubleshoot and fix its problems. I didn’t intend writing a series, just a single article about its issues in Catalina. But without understanding what is going on when backing up, that didn’t make much sense. This first article explains the principles involved, how they’ve changed over different versions of macOS, and the tools you need for diagnosis.
Making backups is, in principle, a simple task. The first backup just consists of a copy of everything that the user wants backed up. Each backup after that is then a copy of everything that has changed since the last backup was made. When you want to restore…
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